Wednesday, July 4, 2012

Assignment 7

1. The "Second Shift" is the activities that take place after a job, many times these are daily tasks that must be taken care of. Tasks in the "Second Shift" include paying bills, cooking, shopping, spending time with other family members and friend, taking care of the car, and doing yard work. 


2. Evan and Nancy Holt were a couple who lived a very busy life with many stressors. Nancy was in charge of doing a majority of the house work. At one point the couple compromised and decided to divide the work but Nancy still ended up doing a majority of the work. Eventually Nancy began to resent Evan for his lack of help and the couple grew apart. 


3. The myth created by Nancy and Evan Holt was that they compromised that Nancy would clean the upstairs part of the house and Evan would clean downstairs. The couple was suppose to "share the work" but instead Nancy still ended up doing a majority of the work while Evan just took care of the dog. Many times Evan tasks were fun and in fact it was not a fair solution or solving the issue like Nancy had hoped for. 


4. According to Hochschild, the purpose of family myths is to make couple feel like their relationships are functioning more fairly than they actually are; many time this is to avoid conflict or because one spouse fears divorce. 


5. This reading was not surprising to me, since it described the way many of todays families operate and I even see examples of it in my own family. Often times women are in charge of the house work on top of their day jobs; in my house my Mom always cooks dinners, cleans and pays the bills. However my Dad and Mom do rotate who walks the dog in the morning but nonetheless the responsibilities around the house are not divided equally. Some people, like my Mom, enjoy having these responsibilities and need to constantly be doing something but I hope that in my marriage chores and childcare will be evenly divided between myself and my husband. I believe that it is especially important that my future self and husband spend equal amounts of time with our children so they feel comfortable and close to the both of us. 



Wednesday, June 27, 2012

Assignment 5

1. This article states that 45% of Americans polled supported gay marriage. This is a major increase from 1996 when just 25% of Americans polled supported gay marriage. Due to this increase it is important news because more and more Americans are accepting same sex marriages.

2. Proposition 8 occurred in 2008 and is a California ballot that was hoped to ban same sex marriages in that state. However in 2011, federal law ruled that this Proposition violated the rights on same sex couples and later in 2012 federal law also said that it violated the Constitution.

3. The definition of marriage the U.S, according to the Defense of Marriage Act is a "legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife".

4. In Maine, on May 6, 2009 the state legalized gay marriages however the voters overturned the law. The state has followed the Defense of Marriage Act since 1997 but voters will get a chance to vote on legalizing gay marriages again on the ballot this November. However in Iowa, the Supreme Court ruled that the state's gay marriage ban violated constitutional rights same sex couples. As of April 24, 2009 same sex couples were able to marry in Iowa.

5. The legalization of same sex marriage in NY is expected to influence the wedding industry in two major ways. First of all same sex weddings will play a role in tourism industry, hundreds of millions of dollars are expected to be added to this industry. There will also be an increase in the number of wedding dresses sold, venues, the amount of flowers needed, and even invitations. Wedding planning and organizing events for same sex wedding will become and important part of the wedding industry.

According to Gary Gates, the UCLA demographer, the marriage rates of straight couples differ from the marriage rate of same sex couples because the marriage rate for straight couples is 90% while it is 65% for same sex couples

Lesbians are twice as likely to get married than gay men are to get married.

Some same sex couples are not married because they believe that a marriage license is just a piece of paper and it shouldn't define their relationship. Other don't because same sex marriage isn't legal in ever state and in many circumstance the state the couple lives in may not recognize same sex marriage.

Assignment 6

1. One example of the ancient marriages described by the author is that of Native American groups, they were more concerned about the "diversity of gender" rather than the "diversity of sex". Therefore, Native American couples had to have one person to fulfill the "man's work" while the other person was responsible for the "woman's work". This example of ancient marriage differs from the "one man, one woman idea" because there was not a focus put on the sex of the couple; it was more important that gender roles were equally distributed in the partnership, regardless of their sex.

2. The two groups that are most likely postponing marriage are the middle class and the poor class. Their main reasons for postponing is due to the fact that they would like to feel settled and have financial security in order to take the next step, which for many is having children. Specifically, the poor don't wish to rely on other since this is a false sense of security; the middle case postpones because they often have goals of finish college, receiving a degree and a steady job in their career field.

Wedding traditions from clip:

  • white wedding dress 
  • groom in a black tuxedo 
  • bridesmaids and a maid of honor 
  • groomsmen and a best man 
  • flowers and candles
  • ring exchange 
  • kissing the bride 
  • bride wears a veil 
  • groom is not allowed to see the dress before the wedding ceremony 
  • since it is a Jewish wedding the men wear yamakas 
  • stomping of glass 
  • drinking wine and toasting the married couple
  • wedding took place at a church/temple 
I decided to research the tradition of the ring exchange, and the order that wedding and engagement ring are to appear on ones finger. Many believe that engagement ring must be closest to the hand with the wedding ring on top. This is the tradition because the ring on top is said to protect the engagement ring as well as being symbolic of marriage being the bigger commitment. However another source declares that the wedding band should be closest to your "heart" with the engagement ring on top so it is easy to remove to possibly clean the diamond. Furthermore during the ceremony the husband should place the wedding band on the wife's left ring finger. I would follow the tradition of having my wedding band first and my engagement ring on top of that, I would also follow the left hand ring finger tradition. 

Tuesday, June 19, 2012

Assignment 4

1. The difference between sex and gender is that sex is biological and physical description while gender refers to the social norms that are associated with being either male and female. When talking about someone sex they could be talking about the physical differences between males and females or the DNA differences; females have two XX chromosomes while male have an X and a Y. Gender is much more interpretive to what society thinks is "normal", for example it's not "acceptable" for boys to play with Barbie's and it's not "acceptable"  for girl to play with G.I Joes. 


2. I was doing gender when I was taught to play with dolls and while playing "house" I was the mommy that took care of the children and cooked. 


3. 
A.)The researchers used longitudinal methods to collect their data. Their study population was 44 middle school children, age 11-14, while the sample size was a mid-sized southeastern city.


B.) One of the limitations of this study that I saw was that there was little diversity among the participants, the majority of those in the study were white participants. More diversity in ethnicity, religion and race would allow the study to be more accurate and fully researched study. 

C.) Many of the "tweens" believed that boys and girls should be equal and would expected to be treated equally no matter what their gender was. However, several went against these "ideals" by agreeing to certain gender roles and bender stereotypes when discussing types of jobs that men and women have. 


D.) To the middle-schoolers a "girly-girl" is someone who rarely takes part in activities that could get her dirty, she likes to keep a clean and close to perfect appearance. On the other hand, "tomboys" could careless about their appearances they are all about taking risks and playing sports. 

E.)  I think ever child is influenced to act and think a certain way whether it is on purpose or not. Society can definitely influence gender roles and gender stereotypes, throughout the lecture and readings I have come to understand the we expect girls to be care, polite, an well dressed while we expect boys to be strong, good at sports and provide for their family. Although we have come along way from the gender roles of the 1950's we still expect children to act a certain way and many times we adults will over analyze why their son is choosing to wear pink rather than blue. In fact, at my daycare one little boy love to wear hello kitty t-shirts and even though we were very accepting of this at the daycare his parents were somewhat determined to change his habits of dress. He is now in kindergarden and is only allowed to wear his hello kitty t-shirts at nap time, the rest of the day he is given clothes that are "ideal" for boys. Personally I do not understand this, since once his parents made him change his style of dress he has become less charismatic and seems to be upset more frequently. I believe that no matter what the gender stereotypes and roles are if a child is happy playing with whatever toy they are play with or happy dressing whatever they want then they should be encouraged to keep living a happy life. Many times children at my daycare children like to "follow a leader" a play time, if the leader that day wants to play dress up then the other children will follow no matter if they are male or female. When children act aggressively however, all the teachers in my school agree that this is not to be tolerated, we also agree that the phrase "boys will be boys" is not an acceptable to excuse for bad behavior. We want our students to be able to talk about their problems rather than turn to aggressive behaviors. 


Quiz:
1.F__ In the year 2000, 64.6 percent of mothers with children younger than age 6 were part of the labor force.
2.F__ The number of working mothers with children ages 6 to 17 increased by 15 percent between 1975 and 1980. 3.F___ During the period 1995 to 2001, the number of working mothers with children younger than age 6 increased by more than 5 percent.
4.T__ In the last five years on the chart, the percentage of working mothers with children younger than age 18 decreased.
5.T__ The number of working mothers with children younger than age 6 went above the 50 percent mark for the first time between the years 1980 and 1985.
6.F__ The number of working mothers with children ages 6 to 17 has not been below 70 percent since 1980.
7.T___ The number of working mothers with children younger than age 6 decreased between 1997 and 2001. 8.F___ In 1955, fewer than one-fourth of all mothers with children under age 18 were part of the U.S. workforce.
9.T__ Working mothers with children younger than age 6 have always made up a smaller percentage of the workforce than those who have children ages 6 to 17.
10.T___ In the year 2001, more than three-fourths of all mothers of children ages 6 to 17 were part of the labor force

6. Women were doing better in some aspects and then not as well as I thought they would be in others. We definitely have many powerfully women in high positions in our country but then there also the problem that women are still earning less money then men even if they are doing the same job. 

Monday, June 18, 2012

Assignment 3

1. The "instrumental leader" is one that focuses on accomplishing the tasks they are given, they are usually motivated individuals that are extremely goal oriented. Many times there isn't anything that can stop them from achieving their goals, they will either work with others or by themselves however they tend to be controlling when working with others. The "expressive leader" inspires a friendly environment, warmer relationships and a level of concern for the group they are working with, which is a characteristic that "instrumental leaders" lack. This leader definitions were connected with specific family roles of the 1950's. The article states that in the 1950's the husband would be the "instrumental leader" since he was the one that provided the family with a steady income and was also the main decision maker in the family. Furthermore the wife and mother would be the "expressive leader" since she provided the emotional support for her husband and children. Today, both husbands and wives are having to share the roles of being an instrumental and expressive leader. 


2. The main demographic change during the 1960's and 1970's was an increasingly large amount of women beginning to work outside of their home. Since more and more women began to provide financial for their family this led theorists to be critical of the functionalist perspective; men were no longer the only ones that would fall into the "instrumental leader" category. 


3. The main theme of conflict theory is the study of power, particularly examining the inequality of power between two group or individuals. Those who study conflict theory want to better understand why certain groups and individuals are more powerful and dominant than others. In the functionalist theory, theorist would believe that the person who had most of the power would be the bread-winner which use to always be the man. However, in todays families the power is more equally spread and men are no longer always dominant over women. Nevertheless there are still examples of power inequalities in todays society. In corporations there is a head of a company that has power to control managers and other employees.  

4. Exchange theory states that people are "rational beings", this means that they are able to decide whether or not they want to exchange certain things depending on what they would gain from the exchange. This theory shows that people are capable of weighing the pros and cons of their decisions. This is also true in relationships, many times men and women are looking for certain factors in their partner. For example, some women want their  husband to provide for them financially while they fulfill the role of caretaker, however other women look for a husband that is willing to provide emotional support and be the caretaker while they financial support the family. 

5. Feminist theory is based on the main idea of gender and how men and women are different from each other; these differences are not based on those that are seen at birth. The article states that this theory focuses on the "socially and culturally constructed differences"


6.
A) Are female children closer with their mothers or their father?

B) I would study this at the micro level.

C) I would utilize methods of sampling specifically questionnaires and interviews with the female children.

D) I would want about 40 female children in my study, 20 would be 5-9 years old and the other 20 would be 13-16 years old. These different age ranges would show if their feeling towards their parents changes with age.

E) Do you spend more time with your mother or your father? Do your interaction between your mother and father differ? What are some activities that you like to do with each of your parents? 


Thursday, June 14, 2012

Assignment 2

Part 1: Assignment 2
While reading through the highlights section, I was interested by the various types of families that were referred in the report. Although I knew that there were several different types of household such as married-couple households, single family households and non-relative households, I was unaware of the projected numbers of certain increases and decreases of these households. As a whole the number of of family households is said to increase but certain households are projected to increase more than others. The statistic that interested and shocked me the most was that married-couple households with no children "is expected to grow by 7 million". I would like to learn more about why this is the project increase. Furthermore I never knew that single father households were different from single mother households, I had original thought that they were both considered single family households. I now see how statistics vary between single father and mother households.

After examining the chart on page 11 the data and finding were fairly in line with what I had expected. Since there are more people, I had expected that there would be more types of family. Also our lives and way of life have changed since 1995 and today the idea of the nuclear family is not as common. I was not surprised to see a decrease in two parent households with children  and an increase in other families and living alone. Although I expected an increase in living with non-relatives since many people have turned to friends and other forms of cohabitation to cut the higher cost of living.

Another reason why I expected a lot of the results was due to my own personal experience. Many of my friends live with non-relatives or have expressed a desire to spend more time with their significant other before getting married or rushing to have children. These personal experiences have helped me understand why two parent households with children are the types of families that have become less or the norm as well as had the largest percentage decrease from 1995 to 2010.

In five years I plan to be living in a household with no children either living alone or with non-relative. In 10 years I plan to be in a two parent household with hopefully my own children. When I'm 70 I plan to be living in a married couple household but with no children.

Part 2: Assignment 2
There is a great difference between women today and versus those 40 years ago; in fact in certain developed countries the change is happening much more quickly. Women 40 years ago were marrying at the age of 21, now that age has risen to 26. Since women are getting married later they are also delaying motherhood; Hymowitz stated that "in 2000, only 25 percent of [women]" were married with children at the age of 25. The main reason for these delays seems to be that more women today are looking for careers rather job. Therefore, as the article points out, this means that more and more women are entering colleges and universities in hopes of obtaining a degree that will allow them to enter the work force. Another interesting statistic was that most of these educated women are choosing to stay single and since the majority of college students are females this further explains the differences between women of today and those of 40 years ago.

When and if women do decide to marry and have children many of them are likely to not have as many children as the ancestors did. The average women has at least 2 children. However the cost of children has risen tremendously; many mothers continue to work in an effort to afford quality childcare, save for their child's schooling/college as well as to earn money for everyday life. With the stress to support and nurture her family many women may try to delay childbearing until they have a stabile job with a higher income, nevertheless the longer they wait the more fertility decline. After reading this article, I better understand the difficult decisions many women face in terms of marriage and motherhood.

As I finish school I plan on finding a teaching job fairly close to where I live now so I can still live at home while I save money for my own place, hopefully I will be able to move out within a year or so. I would love to eventually go back to school for my masters or certification in Special Education but I would want to have a solid teaching job first. As for the plan of marriage I have no set time frame, I definitely plan on getting married and having children and i suppose I would like those things to happen before I am 30 but at the moment I am putting my career goals first.

Part 3: Assignment 2
In this article I was intrigued by the section on divorce and especially the fact that there appears to be a decline since the 1980's, which was when the divorce rate peaked. Furthermore I made a connection between this article and Hymowitz's article; both mention this importance of education in determining a relationship. Hymowitz stated that being educated influenced the marriage rate and sometimes delayed marriage, this article stated that the divorce rate has actually "decreased among married couple who have college degrees" while stayed the same or increased among married couples with less education.

Before reading this section on divorce, I thought we still had a relatively high divorce rate, I definitely would not have thought that it was decreasing. In the graph on page 4, S. P Martin collected data that depicted that women who entered marriages in the 1960's and 70's had a rising probability of "permanent separation or divorce". However since there are more women with college degrees the same probability has decreased. I found this chart and other reference to Martin's data to be helpful in realizing the actually rates of divorce in todays society.

Tuesday, June 12, 2012

Assignment 1

Hi everyone! My name is Molly, I'm 21 and a senior at Montclair. I'm majoring in Family and Child Studies with a concentration in K-5 and I'm also working on a history minor. I became interested in teaching because in my sophomore year of high school I started teaching Ballet, Tap and group figure skating lessons; I still teach figure skating as well as work at a daycare. I absolutely love spending time with children and find it so rewarding to see the look of accomplishment on their faces when they learn something new. My overall goal is to teach, I would particularly love to teach kindergarden-3rd grade or 6th-8th grade Social Studies.
Family has always been important to me, half of my family lives in New Jersey while the other half lives in Pennsylvania. Even though we're kind of spread out we always get together whenever possible and its always entertaining to say the least. In my immediate family I have my Mom, Dad, my older sister Emily and our two dogs Duncan and Denali (I definitely consider pets part of the family definition!) Although my sister is five years older than me, she has definitely become one of my closest friends. Despite the age difference we're pretty much the same person, we both love being outdoors, enjoy most of the same sports, and have the exact same taste in music, movies and books. My parents have been married for 29 years, my Mom is an elementary school music teacher and my father is a program manager at ARK. Growing up, both my parents took an active role in my love of sports; my Dad was my soccer coach for 10 years and my Mom took me to all my figure skating lessons up until I was old enough to drive myself.
Probably my favorite activity would have to be figure skating, not only did it inspire me to become a teacher but I have invested a large portion of my life training and practice for competitions and other events. Also since my Mom was the main person that drove me to lessons and competitions we developed a close bond. I believe that without my love of figure skating we wouldn't be as close as we are today.
One topic that interested me on the syllabus was marriage. Its seems like the topic of marriage is always being debated; when is someone too young/old to get married, who should be "allowed" to get married,  is marriage as important as it was and so on. I will be interested in seeing if the views on marriage have greatly changed over the years or remained relatively the same. I also am interested in learning about Race, Ethnicity and Families. Each race and ethnicity has unique characteristics that probably influence family life tremendously and I look forward to learning about these differences.
This is not only the first time I have used wiki but it is also the first time I have taken an online course so I'm definitely a little nervous. However everything seems simple to use so far and the directions are fairly clear. Furthermore the video on how to use wikis helped me realize that this format isn't as complicated as I thought it would be.